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Meds That Treat Anxiety

Anxiety affects 40 million people in the United States. It is extremely treatable, and there are many types of medications available.

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro and Effexor, work to alleviate anxiety by raising levels of the chemical serotonin in the brain. Contrary to benzodiazepines they're not addictive.

SSRIs

The most popular anxiety treatment groups medication is selective serotonin inhibits (SSRIs) which include citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine. These drugs are also used to treat depression and alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder. It could take up to a month to begin to work.

These drugs are effective by increasing the quantity of certain chemical transmitters within the brain. This includes serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. They're usually the first treatment option for anxiety, however doctors may also prescribe other kinds of antidepressants and benzodiazepines.

Another class of antidepressants known as serotonin and norepinephrine receptor inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor), are also used to treat anxiety. They operate a bit differently from SSRIs because they reduce the reabsorption of norepinephrine and serotonin, but at lower levels than SSRIs. These medicines may take some time to take effect, and they also tend to be more expensive than SSRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as imipramine (Tofranil), can be effective in treating some anxiety disorders, including GAD. However their drowsiness and other adverse reactions make them less well-known. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another kind of antidepressant used to combat anxiety. However, their strict dietary restrictions and the high risk of toxicity limit their use.

Benzodiazepines can be used to treat panic attacks and anxiety in the short-term while waiting for SSRIs and SNRIs. These drugs can trigger tolerance and addiction, sedation and apathy and withdrawal reactions that include rebound depression, anxiety, and even delirium. Benzodiazepines are typically found in alprazolam as well as clonazepam and lorazepam.

Therapy is an essential component of an anxiety treatment plan because it allows you to understand your symptoms and the root causes. Many people find that both therapy and medication help to manage anxiety. In fact, some studies suggest that cognitive therapy is as effective as medication for anxiety. Talk with your physician about your options and which might be best treatment for social anxiety disorder for you.

Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have a calming effect that reduces anxiety and relaxes muscles that are tight. They also alleviate symptoms of bodily arousal related to fear (like heart rate and trembling) and encourage sleep.

They work by binding to inhibitory neurons, such as GABA or gamma aminobutryic acids and bind to receptors in the central nervous system. They boost the effects of GABA by facilitating the inhibitory effect of GABA on other neurotransmitters and by reducing the volume of messages sent to amygdala. This is a region of the brain that evaluates threats and creates a sense of fear.

These drugs can be used for short durations of time, such as when a panic attack occurs or if you're experiencing severe anxiety. They may ease the symptoms within 30 to 90 minutes of taking them. Unlike SSRIs, benzodiazepines don't remain in the body for very long. They are fast acting and can work within a few hours. This makes them perfect for situations when rapid relief is required (such for instance, during a flight or prior to presenting in public).

Since they are addictive, patients are typically prescribed for up to four weeks at a time. After that, they also lose their effectiveness.

One of the main reasons why benzodiazepines are so well-known is that they are efficient and have fewer side effects compared to their predecessors like barbiturates and meprobamate. They are safe and have a rapid onset and can be used as anxiolytics in order to reduce anxiety. They can also be employed as sedatives, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants.

Benzos are often blamed for the negative attitudes towards anxiety that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s. This included the denial of the disorder and the perception that benzodiazepine treatment causes physical dependence. Despite this, they continue to play a crucial role in the treatment of anxiety disorders, specifically when used in conjunction with psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy.

Benzos can interact with other medications and trigger unwanted side effects, like drowsiness or confusion. You should tell your doctor about any prescription, nonprescription, or herbal medication you are currently taking or are planning to take. Go through the British National Formulary A to Z list of medication interactions to find out what medications are safe with benzodiazepines.

Antidepressants

Antidepressants are effective in treating anxiety and other mental conditions. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, antidepressants -- like SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) -- can help reduce chronic anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The FDA has approved antidepressants for other health issues, such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders and certain kinds of pain.

SSRIs are often prescribed as a first-line treatment of anxiety by doctors, but they might not work for all people. If the antidepressants do not work the doctor might suggest an older version known as a tetracyclic or tricyclic antidepressant. These include amitriptyline, nortriptyline, clomipramine, trimipramine, dothiepin, doxepin or imipramine. These antidepressants are not as popular but they are still readily available. Your doctor can also prescribe the antidepressant with a sedating effect, trazodone (Desyrel) at lower doses for sleep or anxiety.

Nefazodone, a.k.a Ferdinand (Cymbalta) and duloxetine are also beneficial. They're also available in generic forms. If they aren't helping your doctor, he may suggest the antipsychotics quetiapine and Olanzapine or the sedative antidepressant Mirtazapine.

Treatments for other anxiety disorders include beta blockers that reduce the heart rate and blood pressure by preventing the action of adrenaline. These medications are not typically used to treat anxiety alone, but they can be effective when coupled with psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy can help you change negative thoughts and behaviors that can cause anxiety. It can help you manage your anxiety and develop how to cope. Based on your specific situation, you may receive exposure or cognitive behavioural therapy. Cognitive behavioural therapy helps you learn to challenge unhelpful thoughts, fearful thoughts and to overcome the fear of situations that trigger anxiety. Exposure therapy involves gradually increasing the intensity of anxiety-provoking situations until you are able to manage the stressors. This can be done in a single session or in small groups. In both instances it takes time to show results. Some people believe that a combination of medication and psychotherapy is the best choice. Some people discover that medications alone are enough to manage their symptoms. It's crucial to tell your doctor what you're doing to manage your symptoms.

Other Medical Treatments

While antidepressants and benzodiazepines are the most common treatment for anxiety, other drugs can help ease your symptoms as well. Beta blockers and antihistamines are sometimes prescribed to relieve anxiety.

These medications correct an imbalance in your brain chemicals and can help ease your symptoms by lowering or blocking the signals that cause you stress and fear. However, they're not a cure all. You'll still need to do things to reduce anxiety, like physical exercise relaxation techniques, relaxation techniques and psychotherapy.

Your doctor may initially prescribe one of the "first choices" anxiety medication, which includes SSRIs and SNRIs. They are the most effective medicines to treat anxiety disorders, according to research studies. SSRIs are typically found in sertraline (Zoloft) as well as fluoxetine, citalopram, and escitalopram. These drugs may cause minor side effects, like insomnia or nausea, however they typically subside within 4-8 weeks. Contrary to benzodiazepines they're not addictive and do not increase the risk of suicidal thoughts.

The benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, diazepoxide, and clonazepam (Valium), provide immediate relief from anxiety and panic attacks. However, they could cause side effects, such as drowsiness and dizziness. They can also cause memory and coordination issues, and even dependence. These are less popular than the older barbiturates, but they are equally effective.

Antihistamines, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) were originally developed to relieve allergies. However they also serve to reduce anxiety symptoms. Hydroxyzine can have a calming affect by blocking histamine receptors. It is not a controlled substance and does not carry the same addiction risks as benzodiazepines.

Another type of medication that can aid with anxiety is a group of medications called anticonvulsants. They have been shown to relieve anxiety by interfering with the production and release of serotonin and dopamine. They may be prescribed in conjunction with other drugs or as a temporary treatment for anxiety. Your doctor will examine your symptoms and health history to determine whether these medications are appropriate for you. They'll also talk about how to treat anxiety disorder naturally long you should be taking them and any potential side effects. Anxiety medications can only be purchased with a prescription, so you'll have to see a psychiatrist before you can get them.