• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders like major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many patients do not respond to medications for depression and may be able to benefit from psychotherapy.

Medications that most effectively improve core symptoms of ADHD appear to increase and regulate levels of certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are frequently prescribed.

Medications

Adults can use many medications that are used for ADHD in children. However the dosages differ and the drugs may cause negative side effects that aren't typical of children. The doctor will take a look at the medical history, the family health history, and other medical factors of the individual to determine which medication is most appropriate for the patient.

The most common ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by altering the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The stimulants methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine (commonly called Adderall) increase the amount of these neurotransmitters, which aid in improving focus and reducing aggression and impulsivity. These stimulants are available in different forms, such as liquids, skin patches and chewable tablets. Long-acting versions of these stimulants are preferred as they result in greater patient compliance and a longer lasting, smoother improvement of symptoms.

It is crucial to keep in mind that comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression can alter the effectiveness of ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that these psychiatric issues be treated first before medication used as secondary measure. The medications that can be used to treat comorbid disorders of mood are atomoxetine (Bupropion) tricyclic antidepressants and bupropion (Wilens 2004).).

Certain patients may experience a "rebound" effect in which they experience an increase in ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medication. In these instances, a brief trial of a low dosage of stimulant medication may be beneficial.

Certain people are not able to take stimulant medicines or are unable to take them due to abuse of drugs or other health conditions, like heart issues that are severe or hypertension. In these instances, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications don't have the same adverse effects as stimulants, and they are less likely to be abused or misused.

Psychotherapy

People suffering from ADHD can benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help them develop techniques to improve their lives to manage stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, and cope with issues in relationships or at work. It can also assist with co-existing mental illnesses like depression and substance use disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and mind-body cognitive therapy and schema therapy. These therapies are based on belief that one's beliefs and attitudes affect how they think, feel and behave. CBT assists a person to recognize negative behaviors and thinking patterns, and then develops and implements strategies to alter these patterns. Meditation techniques are employed in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help a person concentrate on their thoughts and emotions as well as control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms of psychotherapy that focus on the family history of a person can be beneficial for those who suffer from ADHD who suffer from significant secondary issues.

Psychotherapy, in addition to medication, can help with specific ADHD issues, like difficulties with schoolwork or interacting with others. It can also help in forgetting important dates and obligations and making decisions that are impulsive and lead to financial and legal issues. It can also help individuals to address and overcome issues that could contribute to their adhd symptoms in adults treatment symptoms, such as anxiety or depression.

Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy ways to cope and reduce stress. For example, exercise, sleep improvement, and healthy eating habits. It can also offer support to the family member or partner who is dealing with the negative effects ADHD affects their relationship. Marriage and family therapy helps couples and families learn how to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It involves a skill-based dialog with a mental health professional to address the root causes of the symptoms. The aim of this therapy is to correct impairments and implement coping strategies that fit with the person's everyday life.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT show clients how to identify unhelpful thought patterns and help them learn to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take some time. It is an option for those who cannot receive enough relief from their medications.

A recent RCT study found that when combined with medication, CBT is superior to CBT on its own in reducing the severity of the emotional symptoms, core symptoms, self-esteem and social functioning of adults suffering from ADHD (Clarke et al. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is particularly beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying problems.

The therapists that provide this type of treatment typically work with the client to develop an action plan that is specific to addressing their problems. They usually teach them a set of practical skills that are easy to apply and have a high likelihood of being successful. Charts are typically used to track progress and to reward positive behavior. In the case of a child, this might include a daily report which outlines the in-school tasks or positive behavior they must perform and a method of tracking and earning rewards. Therapists can also discuss the possibility of creating negative consequences if a child does not finish their tasks. This can be done in a sensitive and calming manner.

Metacognitive Therapy

Metacognitive therapy is a brand new kind of psychotherapy that helps people change their mindset. This kind of therapy is effective for those who suffer from a variety of mental health issues, including depression. It is a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people in recognizing negative thinking patterns and their impact on their moods. This type of therapy helps individuals develop psychological Treatment for Adhd in adults tools that can be flexible and useful.

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults with untreated adhd and anxiety. To accomplish this, we compared self and informant-rated impairments in daily functioning with predictors of Metacognition (comprehensive knowledge, regulation of Cognition, Debugging Information Management and Evaluation). It was discovered that comprehensive knowledge was connected to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that regulatory processes were not. The predictors of metacognition had a moderate predictive power, which indicates that they can be the cause of significant variance in daily functioning of people with ADHD.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy that focuses on modifying metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states of worry or rumination as well as attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on an idea of information processing created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been proven to be effective in treating illness anxiety disorders. However, it's still an in-development treatment and further research is required to determine if it could aid in other disorders.

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of MCT in decreasing symptoms of anxiety disorder, but it can be applied to a range of disorders, and may be more effective than other treatments. This isn't a cure, but can be employed to treat ADHD.

Family Therapy

In family therapy the therapy therapist works with the entire family. This helps all family members be aware of the issues facing the client and to understand how to help their loved one more effectively. It also assists them in finding ways to deal with their own frustrations and improve their communication skills. In addition, this type of therapy is helpful for addressing comorbidities such as depression or alcohol abuse, which are commonly associated with ADHD.

The therapist will commence with an intake session in order to gain an understanding of the family's perspective of the issue and determine their potential for intervention by the family. This can be done in person or online. The counselor will go over the details of treatment for inattentive adhd in adults with each client and lay out the guidelines and rules of family therapy.

A therapist who has experience in treating adhd and anxiety in adults adults suffering from ADHD will ask lots of questions in order to gain understanding of the client's present symptoms, their history, and their impact on their work as well as their family and social life. They will also ask whether there are other mental health issues present like anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an organized form of counseling that helps you change your negative thinking patterns and manage your behavior. It is focused on improving self-esteem and self-control through teaching methods to deal with anxiety and stress. It is a short-term treatment option that can be used in conjunction with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual therapy can help those with ADHD deal with emotional trauma from a long-running pattern of underachievement, failure academic issues, frequent job changes and conflict in relationships. It can help you learn strategies for managing stress and coping and help you manage your time and money more efficiently. It can also be used to address the comorbidities, like anxiety and mood disorders which are often associated with ADHD.