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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee you're likely aware that different types of beans can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter flavor, and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after Gourmet Coffee Beans in the world, making up 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in taste than Robusta, and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under the conditions in which it grows and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were stimulated by eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the globe.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for a variety of brewing methods. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's possible there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it's essential to select a high-quality bean from a source you trust. The best method to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, but it is preferred to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was once classified as a distinct species, but has now been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart which has made them a popular choice in house blends. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have an unusual quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, although they're fourth popular. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee bean suppliers production. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious taste. They're often used in blends to provide extra body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They have a slight acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they can be flavored like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of all light roast coffee beans consumed worldwide. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

Now that you know the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect cup. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors opt for an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta beans and arabica beans.